-Rule of Kings is replaced by rule of two consuls
-Elected officials, one year almost always aristocrats (patricians), traced descent from a famous ancestor of pater ("father")
-One consul could veto the other (reducing power of the individual)
-Fifth century BCE- patrician dominance of the government was challenged by the plebs ("people")
-98% population, had to serve army, could not hold office no legal rights
-Victims of discriminatory decisions in judicial trials, no actual laws, just written customs
-Patricians could interpret their own advantage
-Plebs refused to serve in military until laws were made (on tablets)
-The Law of the Twelve Tablets- laws posted in public on 450BCE, tribunes "tribal leaders" elected
-SPQR- Senatus Populusque Romanum- designates any decree or descision made by "the Roman Senate and People"
res publica- the people's affairs, brand new republic
-Democracy, aristocracy, not a tyranny
The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)- Rome vs. Carthage, three wars
First Punic War (264-241 BCE)- naval battles for control of location island of Sicily
-Rome wins
Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
-29 year old Hannibal attacks Rome from North- crossed Ibella and the Alps
Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
-Rome wanted to remove Carthage
-Sciplo, Tiberius, Grachus, and others attacked
-Carthage was burned for 17 days- destroyed
-Last 5,000 people in the city went into slavery
-Rest of the people were annexed,and made into the Roman province of Africa
Marcus Portius Cate the Elder- ended every speech by saying "Carthage must be destroyed"
-He got his wish, an end of an empire
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